Modulation of human adaptation processes to weightlessness conditions by artificial reproduction of weight load effects in space flight

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At present, the mechanisms of human adaptation to the action of weightlessness, which humans, as a biological species, have encountered only recently, continue to be intensively studied. Understanding the mechanisms of human adaptation to weightlessness allows us to propose ways of modulating this process with preservation of useful adaptive reactions against the background of suppression of negative syndromes characteristic of space flight and inhibition of mechanisms preventing favorable functioning of physiological systems after returning to the conditions of gravity. One of the integral components of the system of countermeasure of the negative influence of weightlessness is artificial reproduction of the effects of gravity, i.e. imitation of the impact on the human body of the weight load characteristic of the Earth conditions. The article considers the role of artificial reproduction of the effects of the weight load corresponding in value to the weight of the human body before the space flight. The article tests the hypothesis about the possibility of modulation of adaptation processes to weightlessness conditions by providing the necessary sensory inflow to the receptors of gravity-dependent physiological systems and its influence on the processes of re-adaptation to Earth conditions. The “weight” loading used during the flight was analyzed, as well as the data of pre-flight, flight and post-flight tests on the performance of 10 cosmonauts who performed long space flights with an average duration of 173 ± 33 days. It is shown that regular reproduction of the effects of weight load corresponding to the human body mass on Earth allows to modulate the process of human adaptation to weightlessness.

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E. Fomina

Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: fomin-fomin@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

N. Senatorova

Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS

Email: fomin-fomin@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

P. Romanov

Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS

Email: fomin-fomin@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

D. Babich

Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS

Email: fomin-fomin@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Design of the experiment in six-month space flights. TIS – “Individual Strategies” test.

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3. Fig. 2. Reproduction of the effects of "weight" loading during six-month flights. a - resistance to bidirectional compression along the vertical axis of the body by flexion-extension of the legs at the ankle joints, b - resistance to bidirectional compression along the vertical axis of the body by flexion-extension at the knee joints, c - average "weight" load, d - walking and running on a track with loading along the vertical axis of the body using a special loading suit.

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4. Fig. 3. Pulmonary ventilation (l/min) in the Individual Strategies test before and on the 10th ± 1st day after space flight (SF). * – compared to the pre-flight level, p value < 0.05.

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5. Fig. 4. Pulse sum of work (A) and recovery (B) in the “Individual Strategies” test. * – compared to the pre-flight level, the p value is < 0.05.

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6. Fig. 5. Peak pulmonary ventilation in the Individual Strategies test.

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7. Fig. 6. Changes in the maximum voluntary strength of the leg muscles after six months of flights.

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